Powell (1998) identifies...
OR
...and the impact this has on the representation of Jesus (Powell, 1998).
Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Powell, M. A. (1998). Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
Slade and Slade (2014) explain that..
OR
...which is important in chemistry (Slade & Slade, 2014).
Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Slade, R., & Slade, M. (2014). HSC Chemistry. Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press.
First citation: Bliss, Reid and Chaffer (2016) encourage students to...
Subsequent citations: Bliss et al. (2016) discovered many students...
OR
First citation: ...which is important in Geography (Bliss, Reid and Chaffer, 2016).
Subsequent citations: ...which can be seen in the rise of global warming (Bliss et al., 2016)
Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial. Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Bliss, S., Reid, G., & Chaffer, L. (2016). GeoWorld NSW 7 Stage 4. South Yarra, VIC: MacMillan Education Australia.
NB: Cite the surname of the first author and then write et al. for in-text references
Kramer et al. (2011) discuss...
OR
...which has been shown to have a positive impact on student achievement (Kramer et al., 2011).
NB: Write the names of all the authors in the reference list
Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial. Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Kramer, S., Lewis, J., Hogan, F., Waters, G., Watson, B., Jones, M., & Smith, M. (2011). Collaborative teaching in the Middle School. Boston, MA: Stellar Books.
According to Doherty, Gurr & Drysdale (2014) there is evidence...
OR
...which leads to greater concern (Doherty, Gurr & Drysdale, 2014)
Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of chapter. In Surname, Initial. (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. page numbers of chapter). City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Doherty, J., Gurr, D., & Drysdale, L. (2014). Australia - the multicultural microcosm. In C. Day & D. Gurr (Eds.), Australia then and now (pp. 85-91). Adelaide, SA: Risem Publishing.
Feder (2008) discusses that...
OR
...which is the most important factor (Feder, 2008).
Surname, Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Feder, B. (Ed.). (2008). Iconic designs: 50 stories about 50 things . New Orleans, LA: Bloomsludy Press.
According to the Board of Studies NSW (2003) Commerce should provide students with knowledge that helps them make wise decisions about consumer, financial, business, legal and employment issues.
OR
Studying Commerce provides students with knowledge that helps them make wise decisions about consumer, financial, business, legal and employment issues (Board of Studies NSW, 2003).
Corporation Name (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
NB: If the corporate author is also the publisher you write "Author" after the place of publication
Board of Studies NSW. (2003). Commerce Years 7-10 syllabus. North Sydney, NSW: Author.
Marsh and Hart (2011) discuss how...
OR
...which is a part of student's natural landscape (Marsh & Hart, 2011).
Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book (Number ed.). City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
NB: An edition number is not required for a first edition
Marsh, C., & Hart, C. (2011). Teaching the social sciences and humanities in an Australian curriculum (6th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia.
You may want to cite an author who is cited within the text you are reading e.g. if Kemmis quotes Young in his journal article and you want to refer to the idea from Young. If possible find the original source i.e. the book that Young wrote and use that as your reference. If this is not possible, because it is out of print, you are unable to locate it or it is only available in another language, then put the source you read in your reference list and refer to the cited author in your in-text reference.
Example:
Young's concept (as cited in Kemmis, 2014) considers the power relationships in action research
Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of the book: Subtitle of the book. City of publication, State or Country of publication: Publisher.
Kemmis, S. (2014). Action research. London, England: Springer.